What complications can occur specifically with ERCP?

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure used to examine and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. The complications associated with ERCP are specific to the anatomy and procedure involved. Among the possible complications, pancreatitis is notably significant; it can occur due to inflammation of the pancreas triggered by the manipulation of the biliary tree during the procedure. Infection can also arise, particularly a cholangitis, which is an infection of the bile duct that can result from obstruction or retained stones. Hemorrhage can happen due to bleeding from blood vessels near the site of intervention, especially if sphincterotomies or other therapeutic maneuvers are performed.

In contrast, the other options consist of complications that are either very general (such as fever and headache, which can be caused by numerous factors unrelated to ERCP) or conditions not typically associated with the procedure. Bone fractures, muscle strain, and dehydration are usually not directly related to ERCP. Similarly, while allergic reactions can occur due to medications or contrast agents used during the procedure, they represent a narrower range of complications compared to the more directly relevant issues of pancreatitis, infection, and hemorrhage. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the more common