What does the term "endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography" (ERCP) refer to?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure that utilizes both endoscopy and fluoroscopy to visualize and address issues in the bile and pancreatic ducts. During the procedure, an endoscope is inserted through the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the duodenum, where contrast dye is injected into the bile and pancreatic ducts through a cannula. Fluoroscopy, an imaging technique using X-rays, then provides real-time visualization of these ducts, allowing physicians to diagnose conditions such as bile duct stones, strictures, and pancreatitis, as well as to perform therapeutic interventions, such as stone removal or stent placement.

In contrast, options describing a surgical procedure for gallbladder removal, an exclusive imaging technique for the pancreas, or a routine endoscopic examination do not align with the specific capabilities and purposes of ERCP. The key aspect of ERCP is its dual capability to both visualize and treat conditions within the bile and pancreatic ducts, making the understanding of this procedure vital for recognizing its significance in gastrointestinal medicine.